政务大数据应用与分析 (80700673)
清华大学社会科学学院
理解网络 (本次课)
目的:描述网络结构,识别网络特征
分析网络 (下次课)
目的:揭示网络构成因素和原因
Although the methods today could be a little complicated
you’ll get there! But probably not today…
Good starting point
The foundation of econometric methods
For a sequence of random variables \(X_1, X_2, ···, X_n\),
\[ \begin{aligned} P(X_i \cap X_j) =& P(X_i) \cdot P(X_j), \\ F_{X_i}(x) =& F_{X_j}(x), \quad \forall i, j. \end{aligned} \]
For the last thirty years, empirical social research has been dominated by the sample survey. But as usually practiced…the survey is a sociological meat grinder, tearing the individual from his social context and guaranteeing that nobody in the study interacts with anyone else in it (Barton 1968, 1)
Interdependence → Relationships → Structure
关系的特殊性 (Parkinson 2013)
关系的测量方式 (Mucha et al. 2010)
Y
X
Node/Actor/Vertex
Edge/Relation/Link/Tie
Subgraphs: Dyads, triads, k-ads, isolate/island
属性
规模
相似性
(未)连结性
聚合性
🌰 Security Egonets (Maoz 2010)
🌰 Power of weak ties (Roch, Scholz, and McGraw 2000)
Important
Similarity breeds connections.
什么创造了同质性?
Heterogeneity
🌰 某甲有九亲、四友、十二同僚,其路野乎?
Alters = 9 + 4 + 12 = 25
p亲 = 9/25;
p友 = 4/25;
p僚 = 12/25.
H = 1 - [(4/25)2 + (12/25)2 + (9/25)2] = 0.6144
IQV = 0.6144/(1 - 1/3) = 0.9216
思考:
规模
相似性
(未)连结性
聚合性
Chinese Migrants in Central-Eastern Europe
↓
Bonding/bridging social network
↓
Political incorporation
Tip
Survey-based non-random-network analysis
Degree ~
\[ C_D(i) = \sum_{j=1}^{n}n_{ji}, j \neq i. \]
Eigenvector ~1
\[ C_E(i) = k^{-1}\sum_{j=1}^{n}A_{ji}C_E(j). \]
Ego-network
下一节
分析网络